13 - Innovation or novelty or Beda'ah ..
Innovation or novelty or Beda'ah ..
How to define it?
What are its classes?
What are the two rules of it?
What is the judgement of it?
How can we decide if something is a novelty or not?
Video parts:👇👇
00:00 - Introduction ..
00:22 - (Innovation) Flow chart.
03:22 - Linguistic definition.
03:47 - Its 2 classes.
04:10 - Rules of innovations.
06:02 - 4 levels of legislative decisions.
09:01 - How to decide if something is an innovation or not.
Video link: 👇👇
Detailed info about the topic: 👇👇
and videos after it.
Al-Bid’a (The Novelty)
Definition: the
word is derived from creating something new without any previous example, it is
similar to Allâh’s Saying, “بَدِيعُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ” - meaning – {To Him is due the
primal origin of the heavens and the earth}, which means He is its
Inventor without any primary sample, and similar to what He said, “قُلْ مَا كُنْتُ
بِدْعًا مِنْ الرُّسُلِ” - meaning – {Say (O Muhammad r): "I am no bringer of
new-fangled doctrine among the Messengers}, which means that I was not the first one
who came with a Holly Letter from His Lord, but rather so many Messengers
preceded me.
Novelty is divided into two classes:
A novelty in
habits, such as creating new inventions, and this is allowed
because allowance is a fundamental rule in habits unless there is an evidence
to forbid.
A novelty in
Religion, which is forbidden because this is its fundamental rule,
the Prophet r said, “من
أحدث في أمرنا” - meaning – “He who innovates things in these affairs of
ours, for which there is no valid (reason), his innovations are to be
rejected.”
Types of Novelty:
The novelty in
Religion is two types:
First
type:
is the doctrinal spoken novelty, such as what Jahmiah, Mu’tazilah, Rafidah, and
many other misguided denominations say and belief. An example is given in
statement, which claims that the Noble Qur’ân is Allâh’s creation.
Second
type:
is the novelty in worship, which is performing worship, which have not been
decreed by Allâh. And it consists of classes:
First class: the novelty in the basis of worship, like
bringing about a worship, which was not originally decreed in Shar’ (Islâm). An
example is given in claiming a prayer not originally decreed or feasts such as
birthdays etc..
Second class: the novelty that is created as an addition
to a certain decreed worship, such as claiming a fifth Rak’a (kneeling) in
Thuhr (noon) or ‘Asr (afternoon) prayers.
Third class: the novelty, which is created in the manner
of the decreed worship, that is performing it in a different manner it was
descended at. An example is given in reciting Allâh’s invocations in a group by
a melodic sound, or to be severe on one’s self in worship to an extent which
contradicts with the Prophet’s Sunnah.
Fourth class: the novelty which is committed by setting a
time for a decreed worship Allâh never decreed before, such as setting the
fifteenth of Sha’ban day for fasting and its night for praying. This is because
fasting and praying are intrinsically legitimate, however, setting a certain
date and time for them needs absolute evidence to do.
The legislation decision (worldly sentence) of the novelty in Islâm by all its classes:
Every novelty
in Religion is forbidden and going astray for the Prophet r said, “وإياكم ومحدثات الأمور” - meaning – “Be aware of
the innovated aspects (in Islâm) for every innovated aspect is a bid’a and
every bid’a is miss-guidance, and every miss-guidance is in the Hell Fire”.
And said, “من عمل عملا” - meaning – “He who
innovates things in these affairs of ours, for which there is no valid
(reason), his innovations are to be rejected.”
So these two
traditions show that every newly originated aspect in Islâm is a novelty, and
that every novelty is a non-acceptable miss-guidance. This means that novelties
in worship or doctrines are forbidden and their forbiddance varies according to
the type of novelty. Actually, some of them are an explicit disbelief such as
circumambulating graves as an approach to their people or calling them for help
or offering sacrifices and vows for them. And such as what Jahmiah or
Mu’tazilah say, or what might be a means of polytheism like constructing over
graves and praying there. Besides, other novelties are considered as a
doctrinal Fisq (disobedience), such as the novelty of Al-Khawarij or
Al-Qadariah or Al-Murji’a in their sayings and doctrines which contradicts
Religious evidences. However, some of the novelties are disobedience like the
novelty of performing prayer and fasting in the sunlight, or committing
castration as a means to stop the sexual desire.
Remark:
Those who
classified the novelty into bad and good are mistaken and against the Hadith
(tradition) of the Prophet who said, “فإن كل بدعة ضلالة” - meaning – “for every bid’a (novelty) is a missguidance”,
so the Prophet considered all novelties as a misguidance, but these people
claim that there exists some good novelty. The Hafeth (Great Scholar) Ibn Rajab
said, “so the Prophet’s saying, “كل بدعة ضلالة” – “for every bid’a (novelty) is a missguidance” is one
of his words which are concise but comprehensive in meaning, and no exception
can be suggested where it is a great basis among the fundamentals of Islâm
similar to his saying, “من
أحدث في أمرنا” – “He who innovates anything in Islâm”. Therefore,
whoever introduces a newly originated thing as an aspect of Islâm when it has
no basis in it to prove is a misguided person, and Islâm disavow his claim
whether it is doctrinal, in word or in deed apparently or concealed.”
Furthermore,
these people have no evidences to prove that there exists a good novelty except
what Omar said about Tarawih Prayer (night Prayer in Ramadan), “what a good
novelty it is”.
Besides, they
said that many things were newly originated in Islâm and none of our good
ancestors (scholars in the first three centuries after the Prophet’s death) did
deny one of them. Some examples for that are: the collection of Qur’ân in one
Book, writing down the Hadith (tradition) of the Prophet.
In fact, these
things do have a basis in Islâm so they are not novelties. As for the saying of
Omar (what a good novelty it is), he did not mean at all what is concerned with
the Religion but rather this concerns only linguistic innovation. In fact, the
novelty (as explained before) has no basis in Islâm to prove.
However,
collecting the Qur’ân in One Book does have a basis in Islâm because the
Prophet used to order his companions to write down recited Ayat (signs), and
because it was actually written but separately and the companions collected
those separated sheets in One Book keeping them not to be lost. Moreover, the
Prophet performed Salat At-Tarawih with his companions three nights but
remained absent on the last one lest it should be decreed for them.
However, the
companions kept praying separately (without Imam) at the time of the Prophet
and after his death until Omar gathered them behind one Imam as it used to be
at the time of the Prophet, thus, it is certainly not a novelty in Religion. As
for writing the Hadith (tradition) of the Prophet, he used to allow his
companions sometimes to write down his tradition when someone asked it from
him. In fact, the reason why he disallowed writing his tradition down most of
the times is that it may be confused with Qur’ân. So, when the Prophet died,
this reason was not valid anymore because the Qur’ân had been checked up and
verified completely before his death.
Thus, Muslims
have written down Prophet’s Hadith to preserve it not to be lost, may Allâh
reward them the best reward for they have kept their Lord’s Book and their
Prophet’s tradition not to be distorted by fools.
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